Under what conditions can an individual of age consent refuse treatment?

An individual of age consent can refuse treatment when they are of sound mind and not under the influence, as this ensures that they have the capacity to understand the implications of their decision. Soundness of mind indicates that the person is able to comprehend the information presented to them regarding their medical condition and the proposed treatment options. Additionally, being free from influence, such as drugs or alcohol, is critical because it affects judgment and decision-making abilities.

While being informed of all risks is an important component of making an informed decision, the essence of the correct answer is that a patient must possess the mental competency to refuse treatment autonomously. This capacity to make rational decisions about one's own health is a fundamental principle in medical ethics and legal standards of consent, supporting the individual's right to direct their own care.